安装
Macos
brew：https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/postgresql
pkg 文件：https://postgresapp.com/downloads.html
Linux
Centos 8
# Install the repository RPM:
dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
# Disable the built-in PostgreSQL module:
dnf -qy module disable postgresql
# Install PostgreSQL:
dnf install -y postgresql13-server
Debian 8、9、10
# Create the file repository configuration:
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
# Import the repository signing key:
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
# Update the package lists:
sudo apt-get update
# Install the latest version of PostgreSQL.
# If you want a specific version, use 'postgresql-12' or similar instead of 'postgresql':
sudo apt-get -y install postgresql
初始化
初始化数据库
postgresql-13-setup initdb
加入开机启动
systemctl enable postgresql-13
启动
systemctl start postgresql-13
连接数据库
安装好之后是无法直接使用的，需要先创建用户和数据库
进入超级管理员 CLI 环境
$ sudo -u postgres psql || psql -U postgres
psql (13.0)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
创建用户
postgres=# CREATE USER root
CREATE ROLE
设置超级管理员，否则无法创建数据库和表
postgres=# ALTER USER root SUPERUSER CREATEDB;
ALTER ROLE
查看用户列表
postgres=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
postgres | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}
root | Superuser, Create DB |
创建数据库
$ createdb main
安全性配置
查看密码加密方式，13 默认采用了 scram-sha-256加密
postgres=# show password_encryption;
password_encryption
---------------------
scram-sha-256
(1 row)
查看当前用户信息，当前是空密码
postgres=# select * from pg_shadow where usename='root';
usename | usesysid | usecreatedb | usesuper | userepl | usebypassrls | passwd | valuntil | useconfig
---------+----------+-------------+----------+---------+--------------+-------- +----------+-----------
root | 16384 | t | t | f | f | | |
(1 row)
设置密码
postgres=# alter role test password 'password';
ALTER ROLE
设置密码有效期[非必须]
postgres=# alter role test valid until '2020-10-31 00:00:00';
ALTER ROLE
远程连接配置
默认只允许本地连接，需要修改配置文件。
$ cat /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf
....
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 scram-sha-256 # 增加这一行
....
将 localhost 改成 *
$ cat /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
...
# listen_addresses = 'localhost'
listen_addresses = '*'
...
重启服务端
systemctl restart postgresql-13
链接测试
$ psql -h example.com -U root -p 5432 -d postgres
Password for user root:
psql (13.0)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#